Fundamental physical aspects on lignin dissolution

New Ionic Liquid for the Dissolution of Lignin

This work aims to develop a new ionic liquid, used as an aprotic green ä solvent, to dissolve kraft lignin from black liquor. The kraft lignin was extracted through precipitation with carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene-based ionic liquids were obtained by quaternization of the nitrogen atom with a hydrogen atom or an alkyl chain. The yields of the synthes...

Computation: a Fundamental Physical View Computation: a Fundamental Physical View

A 0 3 3 C v 2 C v C O-Attempts to understand the fundamental physical limits of computation have been under way for over a quarter century. We discuss this field, with B e 3 3 3 S 3 S 0 emphasis on the central notion of reversible computation, and emphasis on the relationship to the ultimate nature of physical law. A brief discussion of the generation of information is included. In ordinary com...

Some remarks on fundamental physical F-theory

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of a physical 12-dimensional F-theory. We study the question of geometric interaction terms in the F-theory Lagrangians. We also introduce a new supergravity multiplet in dimension (9, 3) which is based on a particle with 3-dimensional timelike worldvolume. A construction of signature (9, 3) F-theory is given using dualities analogous ...

Fundamental Physical Limits on Information Storage

Fundamental Aspects for E - Government

The upcoming initiatives using ICT in the government process should strengthen the benefit of e-government in most countries. Since e-government among other e-related terms is a widely (interpreted) term, it is sometimes challenging to understand the objective and goals of an initiative. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors introduce and explain most e-government related terms. Even more, th...